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- HEALTH, Page 78Perils of Being Born Black
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- Life expectancy for African Americans is sinking
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- No barometer of a nation's health is more closely watched
- than life expectancy. Since the turn of the century, when
- record keeping began, the U.S. trend has been upward for all
- segments of the population. Life expectancy for whites has
- risen from 48 years in 1900 to more than 75 today. Blacks have
- fared even better, more than doubling the number of years they
- could expect to live, from 33 to nearly 70. Now, however, an
- alarming change is taking place. While life expectancy for
- whites is still climbing, it is dropping for blacks.
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- That was confirmed by figures released last week by the
- National Center for Health Statistics. Blacks on average can
- expect to reach only 69.2 years, down from 69.7 in 1984.
- Meanwhile, life expectancy for whites has moved from 75.3 years
- to 75.6. The latest figures are based on an examination of all
- death certificates (2,167,999) filed in the U.S. in 1988.
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- The reversal for blacks seems to stem mainly from a large
- increase in the number of early deaths caused by homicides, car
- accidents, drug abuse and AIDS -- factors that relate directly
- to the perils of living in poor, violent neighborhoods. Other
- socioeconomic problems, including second-rate education and
- inadequate access to doctors and hospitals, also hold down the
- life expectancy of blacks and widen the gap between the races.
- Largely because of poor prenatal care, infant mortality among
- blacks is twice as high as among whites.
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- But the difference in life expectancy cannot be blamed
- completely on poverty and discrimination. Blacks have higher
- death rates from many ailments, including cancer, heart
- disease, stroke, diabetes, liver trouble and kidney failure.
- This fact has persuaded experts that there must be other
- reasons, including genetic makeup, diet preferences and
- life-style choices, that make many African Americans prone to
- die too young.
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